美国留学考试：托福阅读长难句深度解析

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　　01长难句：The principalelements in behavioral thermoregulation...

　　原句案例：

　　The principal elements in behavioralthermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heatexchangewithsubstrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which includemoving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).

　　词汇讲解：

　　bask /bɑːsk/ v.坐着或躺着取暖

　　substrate /'sʌbstreɪt/ n.底物，基片，基质;被(酶)作用物

　　diurnal /daɪ'ɜːn(ə)l/ adj.白天的，白昼的;每日的

　　hibernate /'haɪbəneɪt/ v.冬眠

　　estivate /'iːstɪveɪt/ v. (动物)夏眠

　　respectively adv.各自地

　　结构划分：

　　The principal elements (in behavioralthermoregulation) are basking (heliothermy), heat exchange (with substratessuch as rock or earth (thigmothermy) )，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors, (which include moving toshelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) (reducingactivity during cold or hot weather, respectively).

　　深度分析：

　　修饰一：(in behavioral thermoregulation)，介词短语

　　中文：行为温度调节

　　修饰二：(with substrates such as rock orearth (thigmothermy) )，介词短语

　　中文：与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)

　　修饰三：(which include moving to shelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating)，从句

　　中文：这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠

　　修饰四：(reducing activity during cold orhot weather, respectively)，非谓语动词

　　中文：分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动

　　参考翻译：

　　行为温度调节主要的要素有：晒太阳(日光浴)，与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)，以及每天或每年的躲避行为，这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠(分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动)。

　　02长难句：Cleisthenes'principal contribution to the creation...

　　原句案例：

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution tothe creation of democracy at Athens was tocompletethelong process of weakening family and clanstructures,especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-basedcorporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic andmost religious life in Athens.

　　词汇讲解：

　　democracy /dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ/ n.民主，民主政治，民主制度

　　clan /klæn/ n.宗族，家族;集团，帮会

　　aristocrat /'ærɪstəkræt/ n.贵族

　　civic /'sɪvɪk/ adj.城市的;市民的，公民的

　　rule n.统治，管理

　　结构划分：

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution (tothe creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process ofweakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes), (which becamethe point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens.)

　　深度分析：

　　这个句子的结构是：

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution was非谓语and非谓语

　　第一个非谓语：(to complete the long processof weakening family and clan structures)

　　第二个非谓语：(to set in their placelocality-based corporations called demes)

　　修饰一：(to the creation of democracy atAthens)，介词短语

　　中文：在雅典创造民主

　　修饰二：(to complete the long process ofweakening family and clan structures)，非谓语动词

　　中文：完成了减弱家族和宗族结构的长期过程

　　修饰三：(especially among thearistocrats)，介词短语

　　中文：尤其是在贵族间

　　修饰四：(to set in their placelocality-based corporations called demes)，非谓语动词

　　中文：在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体

　　修饰五：(which became the point of entryfor all civic and most religious life in Athens. )，从句

　　中文：这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。

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